France and the United States Essay

This paper seeks to provide comparative analysis of wee puerility political program line polity between France and the unify States. The treatment will focus on the programs melodic phrase and what the programs were intended to reach. The study will ascertain at the focus, of the programs, the beneficiaries and the woo. In analyzing the early puerility insurance insurance insurance constitution out f atomic reduce 18 in the both countries, the paper assesses the successes as well as the shortcomings of the policy programs. The federal official official governing body has not have a policy on early childishness knowledge that is relevant in the nation.As oppose to the ecumenical early child fostering policy in France. The U. S. brass has only been supporting specific pre groom programs for those children from piteous neighborhoods and low income families. This kink is also evident in the sundry(a) states which ingest not been able to come up with ear ly childishness policy that can be used uniformly by pedagogics stakeholders throughout the state. Earl childishness tuition program is extensively leftover in the hands of mystical cultureal activity providers through kindergartens. (Mitchell, A. , Ripple, C. , & Chanana, N. , 1998, p. 24).The Early childhood rearing policy by the authorities activity is define in its actions which in regulating the film and supply of early childhood tuition services. In implementing early childhood policy, the government provides direct and indirect fiscal subsidies to hugger-mugger providers of these services in the form of grants, contracts and revenue incentives. Provision of direct and indirect financial support to p arents of children in early childhood program. This support may be in the form of cash benefits, tax benefits to scratch the constitute of this service and vouchers to deport for the service.The government also participates by regulating players in the field of early childhood statement through legislation. Early childhood development program in the U. S are run on a honest mean solar twenty-four hours of part magazine primer coat and they include pre-kindergartens, kindergartens, compensatory bringing up programs and nursery schools. The early(a) programs that support early childhood education include child charge centres, family support programs, beforehand and after school programs, family type day business homes. Because there is no low-cal line between the government and head-to-head support in this sector.(OECD res publica theme, 2000, p. 5) in that respect is no clear data concerning the dam period of early childhood education in United States. However, the federal spending on the program has been very minimal compared to graze k-12. Studies in the year 2002 reveals that the states fagged 2. 5 one million million dollar bills on early childhood education while the federal government spent 6. 5billion on early childhood program. This is in exclusion of bullion spent on pre-primary education for special students. This is the reversion of the slip of paper in France where the government salutary funds its early childhood education program.Then enrolment in early childhood program for the year 2002 was estimated at 750,000 with 85% enrolled in private institutions. In the United States, the government has a policy that ensures quality, affordability, and availability of child carry on for in all families. The electric razor Care Bureau administers federal funds to states, territories, and tribes to assist eligible families including low-income families. The childcare bureaus provide childcare for children when the names work or participate in allowable education or training activities.Through the Child Care Bureau funds versatile Technical Assistance projects that promote quality, build up program administration are supported. The funds are also used to pay Good Start which is th e presidents initiative towards early childhood education as well as evince out research to help policy makers. The child care programs in the United States involved the administrators, parents and other stakeholders than in the case of France that is much regulated from above. consort to OECD report (2000, p. 21).Most children are enrolled in private institutions compared to those in public institutions with most parents fetching their children for part time programs. This is illustrated in the tabularize below showing enrolment in early childhood education programs in thousands. The only early childhood policy that received direct support by the federal government is the introduction of query down program to take care of those children from low income families. This program is funded by the federal government of the U. S since it caters for the children of the financially take parents from poor neighbourhood. According to OECD report (2000, p.18) The cost of funding this p rogram has increased steadily, reach almost $4. 7 billion in fiscal year 1999 and $5. 27 billion in fiscal year 2000. This program was started as a strategy to acquit with problems associated with children from poor neighbourhood. Dealing with their emotional, cognitive, social and cognitive deficits ensured a well rounded single who was prepared to adopt a aliveness style that made them productive individuals from poor homes. The major aim is even so to academically prepare students for their primary school studies. According to Mitchell, A. , Ripple, C. , & Chanana, N. (1998, p. 34-50).Research shows that those students who had down the stairsgone early childhood programs interchangeable genius Start had fewer referrals for curative classes or special education. These students were also more believably to remain in unceasing classes throughout their public school years. few retentions rate as preschool graduates were less apparent to repeat grades. The students maintai ned excellent gobs very few of them had failing grades in their school years. The students were acknowledged by their teachers as having great social and emotional maturity date and had a high school probability of complementary their high school studies without dropping out. repayable development of positive attitude round school at an early bestride, these students had greater academic motivation, on-task behavior, capacity for independent work, and time spent on homework. Lower incidence of absenteeism/detentions. Graduates had lower incidences of absenteeism and detentions. Preschool graduates had much higher gain ground on measures of attitude toward school and toward position subject areas those who attended early childhood education are found to have better self-esteem, greater internal venue of control compared to those who never attend the program.Preschool education is believed to help in preventing unwanted pregnancies among unexampled school girls. The program is also believed to centre incidences of indiscipline standardized drug abuse and delinquent acts among students, this some researchers believe is payable to the introduction of rules and regulations to students at an early age and so contributing to positive upbringing. collectible to improved self esteem developed from an early age, preschool graduates are more likely to participate in social activities like sports and community work.As opposed to those who did not attend early education, the beneficiaries have a better meaning for education and develop high future aspirations. This also contributes to the likelihood of them enrolling and completing their secondary education. These benefits of early childhood education are extending to the society as beneficiaries have a higher chess opening of securing better paying jobs hence reduction dependency in the society. There is high unlikelihood that these people will pursue in antisocial behavior in the society. (Morgan, G. , Azer, S. , Costley, J. , Genser, A., Goodman, I. , Lombardi, J. , and McGimsey, B. , 1993, p. 45, 78). The Head Start program is however accused of contributing to inequality in the education arena as those who are considered financially stable have been ignored. This is no longer a shortfall in France as their early childhood policy caters for all children despite their family reachs. The increasing deed of mothers securing jobs is however increasing government appointment in provision of early childhood programs especially in those kindergartens which are combine in public primary schools.For instance, territorial dominion of Columbia is made kindergarten attendance a legal requirement for children. (OECD Country report, 2000, p. 14) The plot below illustrate the increasing number of working mothers with children under age sestet due U. S policy on Early childhood education and care between 1960 and 1999. Despite lack of world-wide policy regarding early childhood educati on, a lot of expenditure has been incurred in supporting efforts towards achieving the same. The figures reported by OECD report( 2000, p. 23) is an illustration of cost of efforts employed by U.S to achieve ECEC as compared between 1992 and 1999 constant dollar reported in millions of dollars. As opposed to the United States, France has a clear government policy regarding earl childhood education. The program is in public funded and caters for those children between the ages of 2-6 year olds known as Ecole Maternelle. The system has specific programs for those children under age trine and it is administered under the Ministry of Education delivered under education auspices of the ministere de la Jeunesse, de lEducation nationale et de la Recherche.(Oberhuemer, P. , & Ulich, M. , 1997, p. 27). These programs are freely provided by the government for eight hours during the day including breaks like lunchtime. Extension beyond these hours is nonmandatory and those parents who work for longer hours can pay for additive hours that their children are taken care of at early childhood education centres. Since these programs are meant to benefit children and their parents who earn poorly, the additional charges levied on parents take into consideration the parents income.Any child get-go school has to go through ecole maternelle which is the preparatory level in the education system. (OECD Country report, 2004, p. 4-7). Early preschool education is divided into triad shares namely the little section, middle section and large section. The little section is meant for three year olds, the middle section is for four-year-olds and large section is for five-year-olds. Two year olds belong to to very little section.France is also committed to empowering the low income parents just like Head Start in the United States hence the government organizes bridging activities for those who are about to start schooling in poor neighborhoods. such a program is supposed to fami liarize the learners with the academic in readiness for school system. The table below shows the trends in the part of children in the ecole maternelle by age as from the year 1960-2002 according to French background report in 2003.